Good afternoon from New York, wherever you may be, and a happy trade deadline to all the baseball fans. Let's start with a confession: I love records. When I was a kid, I spent most Saturdays reading the baseball encyclopedia, memorizing different arcana. The highest batting average of all-time? Ty Cobb, 366. The highest batting average in a single season? Hugh Duffy, .439. (The sad part is I still know these.)
My passion for statistics extended beyond sports. Every trip to the orthodontist's office started with a quick glance at the weekly box office tallies in Entertainment Weekly.
But a sad thing has happened in the past few years: records have lost all meaning.
The explanation in baseball is simple. Steroids tainted many of the game's most cherished records, and then a statistical revolution introduced a dizzying array of numbers inaccessible to the common fan.
But in pop culture the reasons are less clear. In movies, studios have aimed for bigger opening weekends and bigger movies in general, meaning that new records fall every few months. Old box-office records endure if you account for inflation, but most people aren't going to do that.
In music, piracy, iTunes and streaming have slowly eroded the traditional album release. Nobody buys albums anymore so opening-week sales matter a heck of a lot less than they used to. Lil Nas X just dominated the record industry for an entire summer, and I couldn't tell you if he released an album.
And in TV, we don't even have numbers anymore. Say what you will about Nielsen ratings, but at least they are consistent in their flaws. Netflix doesn't release viewership numbers save for a handful of cherry-picked data points that make it look good. Amazon and Hulu don't release viewership numbers at all, and new streaming services from Disney, Apple and AT&T are unlikely to be any more transparent. TV networks have started to issue all kinds of crazy data points to make their numbers look better in the face of this new competition.
It doesn't help that companies insist on declaring all sorts of meaningless records, and news outlets desperate for clickable headlines play along. Some of these are excusable -- a new record for a Quentin Tarantino movie! -- and some are downright laughable -- a new record for a nonsequel Marvel movie with a blue protagonist!
The one company that seems to be the most transparent when it comes to viewership data is YouTube, and yet, we don't know what a view is. Allowing a large technology company to tell us what does and doesn't count as a view on its own platform with little accountability to third parties is a recipe for trouble.
Case in point: my favorite weird story of the month. A couple weeks ago, a video from Indian rapper Badshah amassed 75 million views in 24 hours -- the biggest debut of any music video in YouTube history.
I didn't even notice at first, which is weird since YouTube LOVES to talk about records. Since introducing a new way to premiere videos last year, the Google-owned site has trumpeted the setting of every new record, from Ariana Grande's "thank u next" to Blackpink's "Kill This Love," culminating in BTS's "Boy With Luv." It even said Swift's "ME!" set a record for "most-viewed female solo debut." But Badshah's feat elicited no response from the world's most popular online video hub.
Well, it turns out Badshah and his representatives had purchased advertisements from Google and YouTube that boosted the viewership of the video.
This is not illegal, or even immoral. Many in the music industry say buying tens of millions of views is a common practice when releasing a new single; it's all part of the marketing campaign. Blackpink and Swift, among others, have done it. Badshah just took it a step further.
But why is YouTube counting an advertisement as a legitimate view of the video, especially when the channel isn't getting paid for the view -- it's actually paying for it! The practice creates doubts about the real popularity of these clips. Badshah suggested a double standard. YouTube was happy to trumpet records from global superstars like Swift and Ariana Grande but paused when an Indian rapper unknown in the West employed a similar strategy.
Now, some of the blame here lies with the tactics in India. Buying clicks is now so widespread that many artists in India demand a certain number of YouTube views in their contracts.
But it seems like the simplest answer would be to be transparent about what views are "organic," to use an industry buzzword, and which ones are paid. Clearing up what is an ad and what is a view might reveal something else: the real record holder. -- Lucas Shaw
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